Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but the disease develops most often in children and young adults. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus sciencedirect. Furthermore, some individuals with lada may have a family history of t2dm. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Although the role of traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as genetic, lifestyle, and behavioral risk factors, has been given attention, recent research. In the united states the populations most affected are native americans. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including the interplay between. There is also a long predetection period, and up to onehalf of cases in the population may be undiagnosed. Introduction type 2 diabetes is sometimes called a life style disease as it more common in people who dont do enough exercise, have an unhealthy diet and obese. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes have different causes, but they both involve insulin. Simplified scheme for the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Possible etiology of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes thrifty genotype hypothesis.
Comparison between lada, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes type 1 type 2 lada onset onsets rapidly and gradual is slowonset type 1 at a younger age autoimmune diabetes in than does lada. Contents general introduction classification gross differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical presentation patients can be asymptomatic. Dec 21, 2015 the worldwide explosion of obesity has resulted in an everincreasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, cardiovascular disease cvd is the principal cause of death, and. Diabetes is the growing heath problem in the united states and has risen about six fold since 1950. Pathophysiology type ii diabetes video khan academy. Diabetes mellitus is a condition, where the body cells fail to absorb or utilize glucose from the bloodstream, due to the insufficient production of insulin, or.
One of the most worrying features of this rapid increase is the emergence of type 2 diabetes in. Click browse to locate the file you downloaded and select the file. Her ap then still provided a sliding scale for her prandial insulinand additional humalog 2 u supplemental insulin. In this perspective, these questions relating to fructose, diabetes, and the heart are examined, and the case for a role of fructose in diabetic cardiomyopathy disease etiology is explored. The slow onset of type 2 diabetes, and its usual presentation without the acute metabolic disturbance seen in type 1 diabetes, means that the true time of onset is difficult to determine. Aetiology and pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Another type is type 2 diabetes mellitus begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. Type 2 diabetes 1 type 2 diabetes 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus issues in the long term care setting and allied venues diabetes mellitus focus. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.
Epidemiology globally 382 million people had diabetes in 20 by 2035. Type 2 diabetes is a longterm medical condition in which your body doesnt use insulin properly, resulting in unusual blood sugar levels. Diabetes in this population, compared to individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, is associated with worse nutritional status, more severe inflammatory lung disease, and greater mortality. The recently published leader and sustain6 trials demonstrate that, in t2d patients with high cvd risk, the glucagonlike peptide 1. Type 2 diabetes was previously seen mainly in older adults, however it is becoming more common in young children due to obesity and overweight children. Recent genetic mapping and genephenotype studies have revealed the genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes. The slow onset of type 2 diabetes, and its usual presentation without the acute metabolic disturbance seen in type 1 diabetes, means that the true time of onset is difficult to. Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural. Evidence to support the proposition that fructose is a distinctive cardiopathogenic agent in diabetes and states of metabolic disturbance is considered. Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5 to 10 percent of diagnosed diabetes in the united. At least ten genes so far can be singled out as strong causal candidates. However, cardiovascular disease cvd is the principal cause of death, and lowering hba1c has only a modest effect on reducing cvd risk and mortality. Links between excess fructose consumption, diabetes incidence, and cardiovascular disease risk have been clearly demonstrated 14.
Cells destroyed genetic predisposition hla genes type2 insulin high. Many people with type 2 diabetes take glucoselowering medications which can be taken orally or by injection. Aug 26, 2019 type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes. Etiology and pathophysiology type i type 2 prediabetic ii. An additional 86 million have prediabetes, putting them at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Ppt diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation free to. Free download diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation slides.
Youll be able to say goodbye to gout, and feel better than ever before, in just 7 days or less. Type 1 dm usually results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Epidemiology of diabetesstatus of a pandemic and issues. Madhumeha is a subtype of vataja prameha prameha with vata predominance that can occur as the terminal stage of type 2 diabetes in which insulin is required, or as type 1 diabetes. International experts in genetics, immunology, metabolism, endocrinology, and systems biology. Causes of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 health hearty. Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which your body cannot make enough insulin a hormone that helps control the amount of glucose or sugar in your blood, or does not properly use the insulin it makes. Type 2 dm begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. Many youth with type 2 diabetestake insulin, often in addition to other glucose lowering. Obesity also increases your risk of type 2 diabetes. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes. Apathyanimittaja prameha correlates with type 2 diabetes.
Powerpoint presentation on diabetes type 2 diabetestalk. So, in type 2 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are functioning properly, and theyre. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the dynamic interactions between all of these different. Apr 29, 2020 type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion.
While in recent years many major risk factors for the emergent t2dm epidemic have been identified, the mechanisms linking them to the clinical manifestations of. Betty, 45yo, a known type 2 diabetic patient was admitted for debridement of infected wound at her right foot. Possible etiology of pre diabetes and type 2 diabetes thrifty genotype hypothesis. Insulin is a hormone produced and released by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar. The pathological sequence for type 2 diabetes is complex and entails many different elements that act in concert to cause that disease. So, in type 2 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are functioning properly, and theyre able to produce insulin, but that insulin isnt able to have its proper effect on the cells throughout the body. Diabetes mellitus harrisons manual of medicine, 19e. Hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes t2d. Ppt type 2 diabetes powerpoint presentation free to. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by peripheral. Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, gestational diabetes, intermediate states of hyperglycemia, complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy nerve diseaseand cardiovascular disease.
The pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin, so people with type 1 diabetes need multiple daily administrations of insulin to live. Genomic insights into the causes of type 2 diabetes the. There does appear to be a genetic component to type 1 diabetes, but the cause has yet to be identified. Genomewide association studies have implicated around 250 genomic regions in predisposition to type 2 diabetes, with evidence for causal variants and genes emerging for several of these regions. The most important preventive measure for an atrisk individual is a. Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It stems from ancient times when physicians would taste a patients urine as a part of a diagnosis. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. There are a variety of risk factors for type 2 diabetes, any or all of which increase the chances of developing the condition. Type 2 diabetes is caused by several different risk factors, and affects 90% of canadians. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the dynamic interactions between all of these different aspects.
Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm and its complications is a major threat to public health. So, in general, type 2 diabetes is caused by dysfunction of this second step. With regard to diabetes mellitus, sahaja prameha and jatah pramehi correlate with type 1 diabetes. The acute metabolic decompensation in type 1 dm is diabetic ketoacidosis as opposed to the nonketotic hyperosmolar state in type 2 dm. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 510% of all diabetes in the united states.
In the united states the populations most affected are native americans, particularly in the desert southwest, hispanicamericans, and asianamericans 1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin. The known functions of these genes indicate the primary etiological pathways of this disease, including hla class ii and i molecules binding to preproinsulin peptides and t cell receptors, t and b cell activation. This ailment is a disease state which involves the dysfunction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells, insulin hormone resistance in cells of the. It is truly a different disease than type 1 diabetes, although both types involve a high blood glucose level and the risk of complications associated with it. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder with varying prevalence among different ethnic groups. View notes diabetes mellitus student lecture outline. Among the demographic associations for type 2 diabetes are older age, raceethnicity, male sex, and socioeconomic status. I discovered the 60sec habit that reversed my type 2 diabetes and melted away 56lbs of fat and discovered the real cause of diabetes. Type 2 dm results from interaction between genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors 5,6. One of the most worrying features of this rapid increase is the emergence of type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents, and young adults. The worldwide explosion of obesity has resulted in an everincreasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
An additional 86 million have prediabetes, putting them at high risk for. Contents general introduction classification gross differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus etiology and pathophysiology genetic considerations metabolic alterations 103020 biochemistry for medics 2 3. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in children. Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes or or prediabetes. Facts uncontrolled diabetes individual unable to transport glucose into fat and muscle cells results in cells being starved increased protein and fat breakdown the expert committee on the diagnosis.
Recommendations for the care of patients with cysticfibrosisrelated diabetes cfrd are summarized on two slides. Type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes mellitus posted 3705 key points both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm. Apr 03, 2018 insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in children. Genomic insights into the causes of type 2 diabetes the lancet.
Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, gestational diabetes, intermediate states of hyperglycemia, complications. Type 1 dm results from the pancreass failure to produce enough insulin. A family history of t2dm indicates an increased risk for the disease. The end of gout extensively goes over the naturebased solution that achieves just this. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes this condition is caused by a relative deficiency of. Type 1 diabetes always requires insulin therapy, and will not respond to insulinstimulating oral drugs. In 20 it was estimat ed t hat over 382 mil lion peopl e. The number of people with diabetes worldwide has more than doubled during the past 20 years. It is now wellrecognised that t1dm is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic. Select the keep source formatting check box and click insert all. Comparison between lada, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes type 1 type 2 lada onset onsets rapidly and gradual is slowonset type 1 at a younger age autoimmune diabetes in than does lada adulthood family history there is often a family history of autoimmune conditions.
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