Staff satisfaction and leadership behavior of theory x digital. Publications national criminal justice reference service. Mcgregors theory x and theory y ouchis theory z pmc. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Mcgregor contributed these two sets of assumptions the purposefully impartial labels of theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. Organizational communication channel 120,975 views. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Professor douglas mcgregor highlighted that there is a significant relationship between motivation and leadership among people. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation.
The outcomes of positive outlook at mankind in organizations let people participate in decisionmaking process, encouraging communication for improvement. Mcgregors model suggests that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. The theory x and y was developed by douglas murray mcgregor a social psychologist in his classic book the human side of enterprise.
Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Hereafter, we refer to mcgregors theorizing as theory xy. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop. Mcgregors xy theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten. Thus, all workers dislike work, try to avoid work, are born inherently lazy, must be constantly dominated into doing a honest. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of direction and structure was required. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on the nature of individuals. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model.
According to theory y, when conditions are favorable, the individual finds work appealing and is highly motivated at need levels maslows hierarchy of needs. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x and y on resulting behavior and productivity. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor theory x mcgregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of management. The purpose of this paper is to trace douglas mcgregors theory y thinking back from pre. A powtoon video highlighting the advantages of mcgregors theory x and y while highlighting the disadvantages of the other 3 theories. The purpose of this paper is to trace mcgregors xy theory and its. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Mcgregors theory x and y in the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of.
Mcgregor maintained that there two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. In this video, we go over mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. These assumptions about your team members can have a significant influence on how you manage them. A historical view of douglas mcgregors theory y emerald. These are important concepts in the field of motivation theories. Theory x and theory y team management training from.
Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Douglas mcgregor, one of maslow s students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature theory x and theory y the theory x management style. How are mcgregors theories x and y and ouchis theory z used to explain worker motivation. Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y.
Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour.
My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. It is important to note that both theory x and theory y are based on the argument that there are specific approaches to managing. The assumptions personified in the two approaches are illustrated further down. Theory x advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. He summarized the findings of the hawthorn experiment by introducing both theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor, one of maslows students, influenced the. The major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. Mcgregors theory x and theory y douglas mcgregors in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness. Theory x suggests that individuals have an instilled dislike for work and try to avoid it. Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are theory x and theory y.
In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor. August 22, 2019 september 20, 2019 by pmclounge leave a comment. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. In his book the human side of enterprise 1960, douglas mcgregor studied behavior patterns of individuals in the workplace, and formulated the x and y theory. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. The points given below are substantial, so far as the difference between theory x and theory y is concerned. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. Theory x and theory y which describes the behavior of workers in organisation. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student.
The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Douglas mcgregor work is established in motivation theory. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Mcgregors theory x and theory y ouchis theory z youtube. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the.
Theory yoriented principals in the greater chicago public school. Mcgregors accomplishment lay in depicting attention to two contrasting types of managerial attitude. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and. Theory x and theory y of motivation theory x and theory y of motivation by mcgregors external motivation includes the forces which exist inside the individuals as well as the controlled by the manager, including items such as salaries, working conditions, company policy and job content items, such as recognition. Republic of china, motivation studies within china are important. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Mcgregors theory x and y douglas mcgregor wrote the book the human side. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people, for the economic benefit of the firm. Mcgregor theory x and y and comparison flashcards quizlet. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done.
The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Mcgregor proposed theory y assumptions about human nature as an alternative to theory x. Beyond this point, the two theories of management diverge. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y.
Theory x is propounded by mcgregor, which indicates a set of assumptions, that an average worker is motivated to satisfy their own needs and not to contribute to the fulfilment of organisational goals. Theory x, theory y, banks, human resource management. Workers are committed and can work independently without direction to achieve. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Mcgregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address.
Mcgregors theory x and y is a salutary and simple remainder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company.
Mcgregors theories x and y introduction to business. Differences between theory x and theory y difference between. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Mcgregors 1960 theory x and y described the work environment and the.
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